Journal: Bioactive Materials
Article Title: Sequential simulation of regeneration-specific microenvironments using scaffolds loaded with nanoplatelet vesicles enhances bone regeneration
doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.04.018
Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation and characterization of the nanoplatelet vesicles (NPVs). (A) Schematic diagram of NPV preparation. (B) Diameter of platelets (PLTs) and NPVs. (C) Zeta potential of PLTs and NPVs (n = 3). (D) Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) images of NPVs; scale bars = 100 nm. (E) Stability of PLTs and NPVs. (F) Coomassie brilliant blue staining and Western blot analysis of PLTs and NPVs. (G) Quantification of IL-1β and IL-6 from PLTs and NPVs with or without thrombin (n = 4). (H–J) Immunofluorescence staining (H) and quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity of iNOS (I) and ARG1 (J) before NPV treatment; scale bars = 50 μm (n = 5). (K) Fluorescence confocal microscopy image of NPV uptake; scale bars = 5 μm. (L) DiI-positive BMSCs were detected by flow cytometry after treatment with NPVs (labeled with DiI), and the proportion of DiI-positive BMSCs was quantified (n = 3). BMSCs were pretreated separately with different endocytosis-related inhibitors for 0.5 h. (M) DiI-positive BMSCs were detected by flow cytometry after treatment with NPVs or PLTs (labeled with DiI), and the proportion of DiI-positive BMSCs was quantified (n = 3). Differences were considered significant when the p value was <0.05.
Article Snippet: Finally, the incorporation rate of EdU was determined via confocal fluorescence microscopy (Nikon, A1, Japan).
Techniques: Zeta Potential Analyzer, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Staining, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, Labeling